以下是文章中应该包括哪些部分: Introduction State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
介绍：
介绍工作的目的和研究背景，不要写成文献综述或者总结。
Material and methods Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. 材料和方法：
提供足够的研究细节，使该工作可以被别人重复。已经出版的方法应加上参考标注：相关的修改，应加以说明。
Theory/calculation A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
Discussion This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section. 结论：
结论部分应该将研究的主要结论进行展示，该部分可以单独为文章的一个部分，也可以和讨论及结果部分合并。
Appendices If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on.
Abstract A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Graphical abstract A Graphical abstract is optional and should summarize the contents of the paper in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the paper. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Maximum image size: 400 × 600 pixels (h × w, recommended size 200 × 500 pixels). Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Research highlights Research highlights are a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article. Research highlights are optional and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'Research highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters per bullet point including spaces). See http://www.elsevier.com/researchhighlights for examples. 研究重点：
Keywords Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes. 关键词：
Abbreviations Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. 缩写：
如果一个缩写不是这个领域的标准，那么在文章的第一页放置一个脚注。如果摘要中必须要用到一个缩写，必须在该缩写第一次被提到时进行定义。确保缩写在整个文章中的一致性。 Acknowledgements Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Units Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI. 单位：
Nomenclature Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI. You are urged to consult IUPAC: Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: http://www.iupac.org/ for further information. All the 'parameters' cited in the text should be listed, in 'alphabetical order', in a seperate nomenckature section at the beginning of the paper, with their definitions and units. 'Greek symbols', 'subscripts' and 'subscripters' should be sepertly identified. Only 'ISO symbols'
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list. Table footnotes Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork Electronic artwork General points ? Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. ? Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. ? Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol. ? Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. ? Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files. ? Provide captions to illustrations separately. ? Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version. ? Submit each figure as a separate file. A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below): EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is". Please do not: ? Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; ? Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; ? Supply files that are too low in resolution; ? Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
l 无论使用什么应用程序，当您的电子艺术品完成后，请“另存为”或转换图像为下列格式之一：
EPS：矢量图。嵌入的文字保存为“图形”。
l TIFF格式：彩色或灰度照片（半色调）：分辨率要求最低300 dpi。
l TIFF格式：位图：分辨率要求最低1000 dpi。
l TIFF格式：点阵组合线/半色调（彩色或灰阶）：分辨率要求最低500 dpi。
l DOC，XLS或PPT：如果您的电子艺术品是由Microsoft Office应用程序创建的，请直接存为该文件格式。
请不要进行如下操作：
l 在文字处理软件的文件中嵌入图片;
l 提供那些基于屏幕显示进行优化的文件如GIF，BMP，PICT，WPG，因为这些文件的分辨率太低
l 文件的分辨率太低
l 提交的图形大的不成比例。
Figure captions Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Citation in text Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication" Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Reference style Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. Example: "..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...." List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text. Examples: Reference to a journal publication: [1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51–59. Reference to a book: [2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979. Reference to a chapter in an edited book: [3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281–304. 参考文献的样式：
注明引用的号码（与文章中方括号中的编号相对应）。实际作者可以在文章中提及，参考号码必须给出。例如："..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...." 按照参考文献在文章中出现的顺序进行编号和排序。 例子： 引用期刊中的文章： [1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51–59. 引用书中的内容： [2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979. 引用书中的某一章节： [3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281–304.
Submission checklist It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
提交的清单：
希望这个清单将是有益的，在该文章被投稿之前进行最后的检查。你可以咨询指南投稿的任何细节。 Ensure that the following items are present: One Author designated as corresponding Author: E-mail address Full postal address Telephone and fax numbers All necessary files have been uploaded Keywords All figure captions All tables (including title, description, footnotes) Further considerations Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked" References are in the correct format for this journal All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web) Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print If only color on the Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes For any further information please visit our customer support site at http://epsupport.elsevier.com.
